Before carrying out any lab work, it is necessary to carry out some preparatory work, so that you know what you are going to be undertaking in the lab, and how to achieve this. The exact preparation will vary depending on the chemistry involved, but most aspects of the preparation will be similar.
In general, this will involve familiarising yourself with the work to be undertaken, preparing your lab book so that is is ready for you to record notes in the lab, and to consider the potential risks arising from the work.
There are more detailed guides to preparing for a scripted practical and planning to undertake a literature procedure (typically in project work).
For all laboratory work, a lab book forms a critical part of the work. A lab book should be used to plan your work in advance, record what you carried out during the lab work, and include analysis of results. There are separate pages covering the use of a lab book.
One of the key control measures to undertaking safe work in a laboratory is risk assessment. All lab work should be risk assessed before it is carried out. For taught practicals these are usually prepared for you, and you should review the risk assessment prior to the practical. For project work, it is nescessary to prepare and obtain approval for a risk assessment before work takes place. More information can be found on the risk assessment webpages.