Search this site
Embedded Files
Skip to main content
Skip to navigation
Chemistry Teaching Labs
Home
Techniques
Basic Techniques
Lab book
General aspects of lab book use
What to write in your lab book
Reagent Tables
Exemplars
Assembling glassware
Location
Clamping
Stirring & heating
Videos (Assembling glassware)
Weighing & Measuring
Weighing solids
Using a measuring cylinder
Adding material to a flask
Videos (Weighing and measuring)
Pasteur Pipettes
Using a Pasteur pipette
Videos (Using a Pasteur pipette)
Cleaning glassware
Reaction Techniques
Reflux
Setting up a reflux
Videos (Reflux)
Thin Layer Chromatography
General procedure
Visualising plates
Determining a solvent system
Issues
Videos (TLC)
Copy of General procedure
Filtration
Vacuum Filtration
Sinter filtration
Buchner filtration
Hirsch Funnel
Receiving flasks
Videos (Vacuum Filtration)
Gravity Filtration
Microscale Filtration
Active Filtration
Aqueous Workup
Theory of Aqueous Workup
Extractions vs Washes
Using a separatory funnel
Problems with extractions
Videos (Workup)
Removing residual water from organic solutions
Rotary evaporators
Models and Instructions
Videos (Rotary evaporator)
Cooling
Greasing joints
When to use grease
Applying grease
Videos (Greasing joints)
Purification
Recrystallisation
Solvent Choice
Single-solvents
Mixed-solvents
Mother liquors
Problems with Recrystallisations
Videos (Recrystallisation)
Distillation
Mini-distillation
Fractional distillation
Steam distillation
Distillation Condensers
Videos (Distillation)
Flash Column Chromatography
Determining suitable separation conditions
Preparing & loading the column
Running & identifying fractions
Cleaning up
Videos (Flash Column Chromatography)
Microcolumns
Procedure (Microcolumns)
Videos (Microcolumns)
Solid Phase Extraction
Procedure (SPE)
Videos (SPE)
Quantification
Volumetric glassware
Types of Pipettes
Using pipettes
Preparing solutions from Solids
Preparing solutions via dilution
Videos (Volumetric glassware)
Copy of Types of Pipettes
Copy of Using pipettes
Copy of Preparing solutions from Solids
Copy of Preparing solutions via dilution
Micropipetting
When to Use Micropipettes
Micropipetting Technique
Hints & tips
Videos (Micropipetting)
Air Sensitive
Balloons & Septa
Step by step process for purging a flask
Videos (Balloons & Septa)
Needles & syringes
Measuring volumes using needles and syringes under a modified atmosphere
Measuring volumes using needles and syringes from an open bottle
Videos (Needles & syringes)
Using oven dried glassware
Schlenk Lines
The Schlenk line
Schlenk safety
Schlenk flasks
Schlenk flask: assembly
Schlenk: other glassware and equipment
Schlenks: greasing
Schlenk line: setup
Schlenk line: periodic checks
Schlenk line: shutdown
Schlenk: purging
Schlenk: adding solids
Schlenk: adding liquids & solvents
Schlenk: Cleaning
Schlenk: reflux under an inert atmosphere
Schlenk: cannula transfer
Schlenk: cannula filtration
Schlenk: solvent removal
Schlenk: Residual solvent removal
Schlenk: Solvent degassing under nitrogen
Schlenk: Freeze-thaw degassing
Schlenk: Flame drying
Schlenk: videos
COPY Schlenk: cannula filtration - COPY
Glove boxes
Gas lines for spectroscopy
Gas Sources
Line Setup
Filling IR cells
Emptying IR Cells and Shutdown
Modified atmosphere gas flows
Nitrogen bubbler setup
Common Problems
Bubbler video
Drying Tubes
Degassing solvents
Specialist
Soxhlet Extraction
Soxhlet: Theory
Soxhlet: Setup
Kjeldahl
Kjeldahl Digestion
Kjeldahl Distillation
Dean-Stark
Dean Stark Trap
Reverse Dean Stark Trap
Soldering
Instrumentation
Accessing instrument data
Access
Webfiles
SFTP
SMB
Instrument types
Walk up
Sample submission
File formats
Portable Document Format
Reprocessable formats
Raw data
Proprietary formats
Research access to instrumentation
Infrared Spectroscopy
Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR)
ATR: Data recording
Transmission IR
Bruker Alpha II
Perkin Elmer Spectrum 2
UV-Visible Spectroscopy
UV-vis: Scanning spectra
UV-vis: Photometric measurements
UV-vis: Kinetic measurements
UV-vis: Solvents
Thermo Genesis 180
Jenway 7415
Compact Photometers
Shimadzu UV-2600
Shimadzu UV-1800
Melting Point Apparatus
Melting point: Recording a range
Melting point: Common issues
Digimelt MPA161
Stuart SMP20
Stuart SMP30
Stuart SMP3
Gallenkamp MFB 595 010M
NMR Spectroscopy
Preparing an NMR sample
Sample submission (NMR)
NMR experiments
Recording an NMR
Accessing data (NMR)
Bruker AVIII300NB UltraShield
Gas Chromatography
ATI Unicam 610 GC
Thermo Trace 1300 GC
Agilent 6850 GC
Methods
High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Jasco
Agilent
Methods
Mass Spectrometry
MS: Ionisation methods
MS: Tandem methods
MS: Sample submission
MS: Data acquisition
MS: Accessing data
Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction
scXRD: Instrument guide
scXRD: Growing single crystals
scXRD: Identifying suitable crystals
scXRD: Crystal gallery
scXRD: Mounting single crystals
scXRD: Data acquisition
scXRD: Structure solving
scXRD: Rigaku XtaLAB Synergy
Microscopy
Olympus BX40 Microscope
Fluorimetry
Shimadzu RF-5301
Stopped-Flow
Stopped-Flow Apparatus
Magnetic Susceptibility
Sherwood Scientific Magnetic Susceptibility Balance Mk 1
pH Determination
Jenway 3505
Viscometry
Brookfield RVDV-E Viscometer
Cyclic Voltammetry
PalmSens EmStat3
3D Printing
Bambu Labs H2D
3D printing of scXRD structures
3D printing gallery
Elemental Analysis
EA: Sample preparation
EA: Sample submission
Data Analysis & Reporting
Analytical Techniques
IR spectroscopy
Interpretation of ATR-IR spectra
IR frequency table
Chem LibreTexts Infrared Spectroscopy Absorption Table
UV-vis spectroscopy
NMR spectroscopy
Mass spectrometry (MS)
Isotope patterns
MS: Reporting data
ESI
Single Crystal XRD
scXRD: Unit cell parameters
Melting point range analysis
Data manipulation
Reaction metrics
Reaction metrics: Yield
Reaction metrics: Atom economy
Reaction metrics: Process Mass Intensity
Reaction metrics: Worked example comparing metrics
Reaction metrics: Multistep reactions
Regression
Linear regression
Non-linear regression
Spreadsheets
Programming in Python
Getting started with Python
Simple graphs and regression lines
Advanced graphs
Mass spectrometry isotope patterns
File format conversions
Photometer practical
Scientific Communication
Reports, theses and dissertations
Presentations
Abbreviations
Inserting Symbols
Experimental procedures and data listings
General experimental
Synthetic experimental procedures and data listings
Measurement experimental procedures and data listings
Compound data listing
Crystallographic data reporting
Referencing
ORCID
Style Guide
Software
ChemDraw
Mercury
Spectrus
Example compounds
Ethyl bromoacetate
4′-Methoxyacetophenone
4-Chloro-4'-methoxychalcone
The Lab
Laboratory
Main Laboratory
Instrument Room
Foyer
Prep Room
Accessibility
3D Tour
Staff
Equipment
Fume Hood Lockers
Service Beams
Around the Lab
Glassware
General
Specialist
Joints, Adapters and Keck Clips
Sources of information
University
Journals
Suppliers and procurement
Databases
Youtube Channel
Safety
Risk Assessments
PPE
Waste Disposal
Fire and Fire Alarms
Accident Response
ChemSafety
Submission Hub
NMR
NMR Results
HPLC
HPLC Results
GC
GC results
Single Crystal XRD
Mass Spec
Elemental Analysis
Research Orientated Undergraduate Taught Experiments
2024-2025
2025-2026
Chemistry Teaching Labs
Home
Techniques
Basic Techniques
Lab book
General aspects of lab book use
What to write in your lab book
Reagent Tables
Exemplars
Assembling glassware
Location
Clamping
Stirring & heating
Videos (Assembling glassware)
Weighing & Measuring
Weighing solids
Using a measuring cylinder
Adding material to a flask
Videos (Weighing and measuring)
Pasteur Pipettes
Using a Pasteur pipette
Videos (Using a Pasteur pipette)
Cleaning glassware
Reaction Techniques
Reflux
Setting up a reflux
Videos (Reflux)
Thin Layer Chromatography
General procedure
Visualising plates
Determining a solvent system
Issues
Videos (TLC)
Copy of General procedure
Filtration
Vacuum Filtration
Sinter filtration
Buchner filtration
Hirsch Funnel
Receiving flasks
Videos (Vacuum Filtration)
Gravity Filtration
Microscale Filtration
Active Filtration
Aqueous Workup
Theory of Aqueous Workup
Extractions vs Washes
Using a separatory funnel
Problems with extractions
Videos (Workup)
Removing residual water from organic solutions
Rotary evaporators
Models and Instructions
Videos (Rotary evaporator)
Cooling
Greasing joints
When to use grease
Applying grease
Videos (Greasing joints)
Purification
Recrystallisation
Solvent Choice
Single-solvents
Mixed-solvents
Mother liquors
Problems with Recrystallisations
Videos (Recrystallisation)
Distillation
Mini-distillation
Fractional distillation
Steam distillation
Distillation Condensers
Videos (Distillation)
Flash Column Chromatography
Determining suitable separation conditions
Preparing & loading the column
Running & identifying fractions
Cleaning up
Videos (Flash Column Chromatography)
Microcolumns
Procedure (Microcolumns)
Videos (Microcolumns)
Solid Phase Extraction
Procedure (SPE)
Videos (SPE)
Quantification
Volumetric glassware
Types of Pipettes
Using pipettes
Preparing solutions from Solids
Preparing solutions via dilution
Videos (Volumetric glassware)
Copy of Types of Pipettes
Copy of Using pipettes
Copy of Preparing solutions from Solids
Copy of Preparing solutions via dilution
Micropipetting
When to Use Micropipettes
Micropipetting Technique
Hints & tips
Videos (Micropipetting)
Air Sensitive
Balloons & Septa
Step by step process for purging a flask
Videos (Balloons & Septa)
Needles & syringes
Measuring volumes using needles and syringes under a modified atmosphere
Measuring volumes using needles and syringes from an open bottle
Videos (Needles & syringes)
Using oven dried glassware
Schlenk Lines
The Schlenk line
Schlenk safety
Schlenk flasks
Schlenk flask: assembly
Schlenk: other glassware and equipment
Schlenks: greasing
Schlenk line: setup
Schlenk line: periodic checks
Schlenk line: shutdown
Schlenk: purging
Schlenk: adding solids
Schlenk: adding liquids & solvents
Schlenk: Cleaning
Schlenk: reflux under an inert atmosphere
Schlenk: cannula transfer
Schlenk: cannula filtration
Schlenk: solvent removal
Schlenk: Residual solvent removal
Schlenk: Solvent degassing under nitrogen
Schlenk: Freeze-thaw degassing
Schlenk: Flame drying
Schlenk: videos
COPY Schlenk: cannula filtration - COPY
Glove boxes
Gas lines for spectroscopy
Gas Sources
Line Setup
Filling IR cells
Emptying IR Cells and Shutdown
Modified atmosphere gas flows
Nitrogen bubbler setup
Common Problems
Bubbler video
Drying Tubes
Degassing solvents
Specialist
Soxhlet Extraction
Soxhlet: Theory
Soxhlet: Setup
Kjeldahl
Kjeldahl Digestion
Kjeldahl Distillation
Dean-Stark
Dean Stark Trap
Reverse Dean Stark Trap
Soldering
Instrumentation
Accessing instrument data
Access
Webfiles
SFTP
SMB
Instrument types
Walk up
Sample submission
File formats
Portable Document Format
Reprocessable formats
Raw data
Proprietary formats
Research access to instrumentation
Infrared Spectroscopy
Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR)
ATR: Data recording
Transmission IR
Bruker Alpha II
Perkin Elmer Spectrum 2
UV-Visible Spectroscopy
UV-vis: Scanning spectra
UV-vis: Photometric measurements
UV-vis: Kinetic measurements
UV-vis: Solvents
Thermo Genesis 180
Jenway 7415
Compact Photometers
Shimadzu UV-2600
Shimadzu UV-1800
Melting Point Apparatus
Melting point: Recording a range
Melting point: Common issues
Digimelt MPA161
Stuart SMP20
Stuart SMP30
Stuart SMP3
Gallenkamp MFB 595 010M
NMR Spectroscopy
Preparing an NMR sample
Sample submission (NMR)
NMR experiments
Recording an NMR
Accessing data (NMR)
Bruker AVIII300NB UltraShield
Gas Chromatography
ATI Unicam 610 GC
Thermo Trace 1300 GC
Agilent 6850 GC
Methods
High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Jasco
Agilent
Methods
Mass Spectrometry
MS: Ionisation methods
MS: Tandem methods
MS: Sample submission
MS: Data acquisition
MS: Accessing data
Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction
scXRD: Instrument guide
scXRD: Growing single crystals
scXRD: Identifying suitable crystals
scXRD: Crystal gallery
scXRD: Mounting single crystals
scXRD: Data acquisition
scXRD: Structure solving
scXRD: Rigaku XtaLAB Synergy
Microscopy
Olympus BX40 Microscope
Fluorimetry
Shimadzu RF-5301
Stopped-Flow
Stopped-Flow Apparatus
Magnetic Susceptibility
Sherwood Scientific Magnetic Susceptibility Balance Mk 1
pH Determination
Jenway 3505
Viscometry
Brookfield RVDV-E Viscometer
Cyclic Voltammetry
PalmSens EmStat3
3D Printing
Bambu Labs H2D
3D printing of scXRD structures
3D printing gallery
Elemental Analysis
EA: Sample preparation
EA: Sample submission
Data Analysis & Reporting
Analytical Techniques
IR spectroscopy
Interpretation of ATR-IR spectra
IR frequency table
Chem LibreTexts Infrared Spectroscopy Absorption Table
UV-vis spectroscopy
NMR spectroscopy
Mass spectrometry (MS)
Isotope patterns
MS: Reporting data
ESI
Single Crystal XRD
scXRD: Unit cell parameters
Melting point range analysis
Data manipulation
Reaction metrics
Reaction metrics: Yield
Reaction metrics: Atom economy
Reaction metrics: Process Mass Intensity
Reaction metrics: Worked example comparing metrics
Reaction metrics: Multistep reactions
Regression
Linear regression
Non-linear regression
Spreadsheets
Programming in Python
Getting started with Python
Simple graphs and regression lines
Advanced graphs
Mass spectrometry isotope patterns
File format conversions
Photometer practical
Scientific Communication
Reports, theses and dissertations
Presentations
Abbreviations
Inserting Symbols
Experimental procedures and data listings
General experimental
Synthetic experimental procedures and data listings
Measurement experimental procedures and data listings
Compound data listing
Crystallographic data reporting
Referencing
ORCID
Style Guide
Software
ChemDraw
Mercury
Spectrus
Example compounds
Ethyl bromoacetate
4′-Methoxyacetophenone
4-Chloro-4'-methoxychalcone
The Lab
Laboratory
Main Laboratory
Instrument Room
Foyer
Prep Room
Accessibility
3D Tour
Staff
Equipment
Fume Hood Lockers
Service Beams
Around the Lab
Glassware
General
Specialist
Joints, Adapters and Keck Clips
Sources of information
University
Journals
Suppliers and procurement
Databases
Youtube Channel
Safety
Risk Assessments
PPE
Waste Disposal
Fire and Fire Alarms
Accident Response
ChemSafety
Submission Hub
NMR
NMR Results
HPLC
HPLC Results
GC
GC results
Single Crystal XRD
Mass Spec
Elemental Analysis
Research Orientated Undergraduate Taught Experiments
2024-2025
2025-2026
More
Home
Techniques
Basic Techniques
Lab book
General aspects of lab book use
What to write in your lab book
Reagent Tables
Exemplars
Assembling glassware
Location
Clamping
Stirring & heating
Videos (Assembling glassware)
Weighing & Measuring
Weighing solids
Using a measuring cylinder
Adding material to a flask
Videos (Weighing and measuring)
Pasteur Pipettes
Using a Pasteur pipette
Videos (Using a Pasteur pipette)
Cleaning glassware
Reaction Techniques
Reflux
Setting up a reflux
Videos (Reflux)
Thin Layer Chromatography
General procedure
Visualising plates
Determining a solvent system
Issues
Videos (TLC)
Copy of General procedure
Filtration
Vacuum Filtration
Sinter filtration
Buchner filtration
Hirsch Funnel
Receiving flasks
Videos (Vacuum Filtration)
Gravity Filtration
Microscale Filtration
Active Filtration
Aqueous Workup
Theory of Aqueous Workup
Extractions vs Washes
Using a separatory funnel
Problems with extractions
Videos (Workup)
Removing residual water from organic solutions
Rotary evaporators
Models and Instructions
Videos (Rotary evaporator)
Cooling
Greasing joints
When to use grease
Applying grease
Videos (Greasing joints)
Purification
Recrystallisation
Solvent Choice
Single-solvents
Mixed-solvents
Mother liquors
Problems with Recrystallisations
Videos (Recrystallisation)
Distillation
Mini-distillation
Fractional distillation
Steam distillation
Distillation Condensers
Videos (Distillation)
Flash Column Chromatography
Determining suitable separation conditions
Preparing & loading the column
Running & identifying fractions
Cleaning up
Videos (Flash Column Chromatography)
Microcolumns
Procedure (Microcolumns)
Videos (Microcolumns)
Solid Phase Extraction
Procedure (SPE)
Videos (SPE)
Quantification
Volumetric glassware
Types of Pipettes
Using pipettes
Preparing solutions from Solids
Preparing solutions via dilution
Videos (Volumetric glassware)
Copy of Types of Pipettes
Copy of Using pipettes
Copy of Preparing solutions from Solids
Copy of Preparing solutions via dilution
Micropipetting
When to Use Micropipettes
Micropipetting Technique
Hints & tips
Videos (Micropipetting)
Air Sensitive
Balloons & Septa
Step by step process for purging a flask
Videos (Balloons & Septa)
Needles & syringes
Measuring volumes using needles and syringes under a modified atmosphere
Measuring volumes using needles and syringes from an open bottle
Videos (Needles & syringes)
Using oven dried glassware
Schlenk Lines
The Schlenk line
Schlenk safety
Schlenk flasks
Schlenk flask: assembly
Schlenk: other glassware and equipment
Schlenks: greasing
Schlenk line: setup
Schlenk line: periodic checks
Schlenk line: shutdown
Schlenk: purging
Schlenk: adding solids
Schlenk: adding liquids & solvents
Schlenk: Cleaning
Schlenk: reflux under an inert atmosphere
Schlenk: cannula transfer
Schlenk: cannula filtration
Schlenk: solvent removal
Schlenk: Residual solvent removal
Schlenk: Solvent degassing under nitrogen
Schlenk: Freeze-thaw degassing
Schlenk: Flame drying
Schlenk: videos
COPY Schlenk: cannula filtration - COPY
Glove boxes
Gas lines for spectroscopy
Gas Sources
Line Setup
Filling IR cells
Emptying IR Cells and Shutdown
Modified atmosphere gas flows
Nitrogen bubbler setup
Common Problems
Bubbler video
Drying Tubes
Degassing solvents
Specialist
Soxhlet Extraction
Soxhlet: Theory
Soxhlet: Setup
Kjeldahl
Kjeldahl Digestion
Kjeldahl Distillation
Dean-Stark
Dean Stark Trap
Reverse Dean Stark Trap
Soldering
Instrumentation
Accessing instrument data
Access
Webfiles
SFTP
SMB
Instrument types
Walk up
Sample submission
File formats
Portable Document Format
Reprocessable formats
Raw data
Proprietary formats
Research access to instrumentation
Infrared Spectroscopy
Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR)
ATR: Data recording
Transmission IR
Bruker Alpha II
Perkin Elmer Spectrum 2
UV-Visible Spectroscopy
UV-vis: Scanning spectra
UV-vis: Photometric measurements
UV-vis: Kinetic measurements
UV-vis: Solvents
Thermo Genesis 180
Jenway 7415
Compact Photometers
Shimadzu UV-2600
Shimadzu UV-1800
Melting Point Apparatus
Melting point: Recording a range
Melting point: Common issues
Digimelt MPA161
Stuart SMP20
Stuart SMP30
Stuart SMP3
Gallenkamp MFB 595 010M
NMR Spectroscopy
Preparing an NMR sample
Sample submission (NMR)
NMR experiments
Recording an NMR
Accessing data (NMR)
Bruker AVIII300NB UltraShield
Gas Chromatography
ATI Unicam 610 GC
Thermo Trace 1300 GC
Agilent 6850 GC
Methods
High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Jasco
Agilent
Methods
Mass Spectrometry
MS: Ionisation methods
MS: Tandem methods
MS: Sample submission
MS: Data acquisition
MS: Accessing data
Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction
scXRD: Instrument guide
scXRD: Growing single crystals
scXRD: Identifying suitable crystals
scXRD: Crystal gallery
scXRD: Mounting single crystals
scXRD: Data acquisition
scXRD: Structure solving
scXRD: Rigaku XtaLAB Synergy
Microscopy
Olympus BX40 Microscope
Fluorimetry
Shimadzu RF-5301
Stopped-Flow
Stopped-Flow Apparatus
Magnetic Susceptibility
Sherwood Scientific Magnetic Susceptibility Balance Mk 1
pH Determination
Jenway 3505
Viscometry
Brookfield RVDV-E Viscometer
Cyclic Voltammetry
PalmSens EmStat3
3D Printing
Bambu Labs H2D
3D printing of scXRD structures
3D printing gallery
Elemental Analysis
EA: Sample preparation
EA: Sample submission
Data Analysis & Reporting
Analytical Techniques
IR spectroscopy
Interpretation of ATR-IR spectra
IR frequency table
Chem LibreTexts Infrared Spectroscopy Absorption Table
UV-vis spectroscopy
NMR spectroscopy
Mass spectrometry (MS)
Isotope patterns
MS: Reporting data
ESI
Single Crystal XRD
scXRD: Unit cell parameters
Melting point range analysis
Data manipulation
Reaction metrics
Reaction metrics: Yield
Reaction metrics: Atom economy
Reaction metrics: Process Mass Intensity
Reaction metrics: Worked example comparing metrics
Reaction metrics: Multistep reactions
Regression
Linear regression
Non-linear regression
Spreadsheets
Programming in Python
Getting started with Python
Simple graphs and regression lines
Advanced graphs
Mass spectrometry isotope patterns
File format conversions
Photometer practical
Scientific Communication
Reports, theses and dissertations
Presentations
Abbreviations
Inserting Symbols
Experimental procedures and data listings
General experimental
Synthetic experimental procedures and data listings
Measurement experimental procedures and data listings
Compound data listing
Crystallographic data reporting
Referencing
ORCID
Style Guide
Software
ChemDraw
Mercury
Spectrus
Example compounds
Ethyl bromoacetate
4′-Methoxyacetophenone
4-Chloro-4'-methoxychalcone
The Lab
Laboratory
Main Laboratory
Instrument Room
Foyer
Prep Room
Accessibility
3D Tour
Staff
Equipment
Fume Hood Lockers
Service Beams
Around the Lab
Glassware
General
Specialist
Joints, Adapters and Keck Clips
Sources of information
University
Journals
Suppliers and procurement
Databases
Youtube Channel
Safety
Risk Assessments
PPE
Waste Disposal
Fire and Fire Alarms
Accident Response
ChemSafety
Submission Hub
NMR
NMR Results
HPLC
HPLC Results
GC
GC results
Single Crystal XRD
Mass Spec
Elemental Analysis
Research Orientated Undergraduate Taught Experiments
2024-2025
2025-2026
Graphs and tables
Scientific Communication
Overview
These pages cover
[move stuff in style guide into here]
Report abuse
Page details
Page updated
Report abuse
